ल्युट् प्रत्यय / lyuT pratyaya (Verb As Object):
In this chapter we will study the ल्युट् प्रत्यय (lyuT pratyaya). Using this
प्रत्यय (pratyaya) the verb can be expressed as an object (कर्म / karma)
in the sentence. This helps substituting complex verb forms with simpler
alternatives. The verb "do" (कृ / kRRi) is used to express the action in
the sentence.
In other words - the subject, object and verb of a
sentence undergoes the following transformation, when ल्युट् (lyuT) is applied
to the verb.
| Sentence Elements | Normal Form | Form With ल्यूट् (lyuT) Applied |
|---|
Subject
कर्ता
kartaa | Nominative Case
प्रथमाविभ्क्ति
prathamaavibhakti | Nominative Case
प्रथमाविभ्क्ति
prathamaavibhakti |
Object
कर्म
karma | Accusative Case
द्वितीयाविभक्ति
dvitiiyaavibhakti | Genitive Case
षष्ठीविभक्ति
ShaShThiivibhakti |
Verb
क्रिया
kriyaa | तिपङ्तपद
tipN^tapada | ल्युट्प्रत्यय
lyuT pratya |
Study the following sentences. These are using ल्युट् प्रत्यय (lyuT pratyaya).
आङ्ग्लभाषा
English | संस्कृत
Sanskrit | Verb + lyuT Suffix
धातु + ल्युट् (dhaatu + lyuT) | Comments |
|---|
| 1. The boy will go. | बालकः गमनम् करिष्यति ।
baalakaH gamanam kariShyati | गमनम् = गम् + ल्युट्
gamanam = gam + lyuT | If the sentences were not in ल्युट् प्रत्यय (lyuT pratyaya) form the verb forms would have been - गमिष्यति (gamiShyati), शयाते (shayaate), धाविष्यतः (dhaaviShyataH), दास्यन्ति (daasyanti), पठिष्यामि (paThiShyaami), स्मरिष्यामः (smatiShyaamaH), गमिष्यसि (gamiShyasi), पठिष्यथः (paThiShyathaH) and द्रक्षथ (drakshatha). |
| 2. She will sleep. | सा शयनम् करिष्यति ।
saa shayanam kariShyati | शयनम् = शी + ल्युट्
shayanam = shii + lyuT |
| 3. Both of them will run. | तौ धावनम् करिष्यतः ।
tau dhaavanam kariShyataH | धावनम् = धाव् + ल्युट्
dhaavanam = dhaav + lyuT |
| 4. They will donate rice. | ते तण्डुलस्य दानम् करिष्यन्ति ।
te taNDulasya daanam kariShyanti | दानम् = दा + ल्युट्
daanam = daa + lyuT |
| 5. I will read the book. | अहं पुस्तकस्य पठनम् करिष्यामि ।
aha.n pustakasya paThanam kariShyaami | पठनम् = पठ् + ल्युट्
paThanam = paTh + lyuT |
| 6. Both of us will listen. | आवां श्रवणम् करिष्यावः ।
aavaa.n shravaNam kariShyaavaH | श्रवणम् = श्रु + ल्युट्
shravaNam = shru + lyuT |
| 7. We will remember the subject. | वयं विषयस्य स्मरणम् करिष्यामः ।
vaya.n viShayasya smaraNam kariShyaamaH | स्मरणम् = स्मृ + ल्युट्
smaraNaani = smRRi + lyuT |
| 8. You will go to office. | त्वं कार्यालयस्य गमनम् करिष्यसि ।
tva.n kaaryaalayasya gamanam kariShyasi | गमनम् = + गम् + ल्युट्
gamanam = gam + lyuT |
| 9. Both of you will read. | युवां पठनम् करिष्यथः ।
yuvaa.n paThanam kariShyathaH | पठनम् = पठ् + ल्युट्
paThanam = paTh + lyuT |
| 10. All of you will see the temple. | युयं देवालयस्य दर्शनम् करिष्यथ ।
yuya.n devaalayasya darshanam kariShyatha | दर्शनम् = दृश् + ल्युट्
darshanam = dRRish + lyuT |
| 11. You should not speak like this. | तव कथनं न उचितम् ।
tava kathana.n na uchitam | कथनं = कथ् + ल्युट्
kathana.n = kath + lyuT | - |
| 12. Roaming in the evening is good. | सायं भ्रमणं हितकरम् ।
saaya.n bhramaNa.n hitakaram | भ्रमणं = भ्रम् + ल्युट्
bhramaNa.n = bhram + lyuT |
In setences 1 to 12 the verbs "go", "sleep", "run", "donate", "read", "listen",
"remember", "see", "speak" and "roam" have been substituted with their ल्यूट् (lyuT)
form, converting them into object or कर्म (karma) of the setence. To
represent the action or क्रिया (kriyaa) the appropriate verb form of "do"
or कृ धातु (kRRi dhaatu) has been used.
Grammatical Rule
The verb form is used as the object or कर्म (karma)
in the setence, and has the same form as the accusative case singular of word
"fruit" (फलशब्द द्वितीयाविभक्ति एकवचन / phalashabda dvitiiyaavibhakti ekavachana).
Grammatical Rule
If the sentence has a कर्म (object) then the accusative case
is replaced with the genitive case.
In setences 4, 5, 7, 8 and 10 the words "rice", "book", "subject", "office" and "temple"
are the objects. Since, the ल्युट् (lyuT) form of the verbs are used in the setences,
the objects are in genitive case form instade of accusative case form.
Grammatical Rule
The ल्युट् प्रत्यय (lyuT pratyaya) can also be used as subject.
In setences 11 and 12 the ल्युट् (lyuT) form of the words "speak" and "roam" are used
as subjects.
Followings are the ल्युट् प्रत्यय (lyuT pratyaya) form of few commonly used verbs.
Commonly Used ल्युट् प्रत्यय (lyuT pratyaya) Forms
|
|---|
Verb
धातु
dhaatu | ल्युट्
lyuT | | Verb
धातु
dhaatu | ल्युट्
lyuT | | Verb
धातु
dhaatu | ल्युट्
lyuT |
|---|
read
पठ्
paTh | पठनम्
paThanam | | do
कृ
kRRi | करणम्
karaNam | | drink
पा
paa | पानम्
paanam |
sleep
शी
shii | शयनम्
shayanam | | roam
भ्रम्
bhram | भ्रमणम्
bhramaNam | | speak
भाष्
bhaaSh | भाषणम्
bhaaShaNam |
run
धाव्
dhaav | धावनम्
dhaavanam | | listen
श्रु
shru | श्रवणम्
shravaNam | | see
दृश्
dRRish | दर्शनम्
darshanam |
take
नी
nii | नयनम्
nayanam | | give
दा
daa | दानम्
daanam | | accept
ग्रह्
grah | ग्रहणम्
grahaNam |
go
गम्
gam | गमनम्
gamanam | | speak
वच्
vach | वचनम्
vachanam | | serve
सेव्
sev | सेवनम्
sevanam |
remember
स्मृ
smRRi | स्मरणम्
smaraNam | | be
भू
bhuu | भवनम्
bhavanam | | come
आ + गम्
aa + gam | आगमनम्
aagamanam |