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Grammar Tutorial ::: Sense Of Preceeding Action / ल्यप् प्रत्यय / lyap pratyaya

ल्यप् प्रत्यय / lyap pratyaya (Sense Of Preceeding Action): In this chapter we will study the ल्यप् प्रत्यय (lyap pratyaya). This verb form is used for the same purpose as क्त्वाच् प्रत्यय (ktvaach pratyaya). In other words this represents the verb form to express - an action which preceeds another action. However, it is used only if the verb is prefixed with any preposition or उपसर्ग (upasarga) like प्र (pra), आ (aa), उप (upa), परा (paraa), सम् (sam), नि (ni), अभि (abhi), निः (niH), वि (vi), अधि (adhi), निर् (nir), उत् (ut), परि (pari), अनु (anu) etc. In this the verb root gets the ल्यप् (lyap) suffix.

Study the following sentences. These are using ल्यप् प्रत्यय (lyap pratyaya).

आङ्ग्लभाषा English	संस्कृत Sanskrit	Verb + lyap Suffix धातु + ल्यप् (dhaatu + lyap)	Comments
1. The boy slept after coming from school.	बालकः विद्यालयात् आगम्य शेते । baalakaH vidyaalayaat aagamya shete	आगम्य = आ + गम् + ल्यप् aagamya = aa + gam + lyap	-
2. The teacher taught after reading the book.	शिक्षकः पुस्तकम् अधिय अपाठयत् । shikshakaH pustakam adhiya apaaThayat	अधित्य = अधि + इ + ल्यप् adhitya = adhi + i + lyap
3. The girl wants to play after worshiping.	बाला संपूज्य क्रीडितुम् इच्छति । baalaa sa.npuujaya kriiDitum ichchhati	संपूज्य = सम् + पूज्य + ल्यप् sa.npuujya = sam + puuj + lyap
4. I asked the question after reading the book.	अहं पुस्तकम् अधित्य प्रश्नं अपृष्टः । aha.n pustakam adhitya prashna.n apRRiShTaH	अधित्य = अधि + इ + ल्यप् adhitya = adhi + i + lyap
5. You write the letter after bringing the pen.	त्वं लिखनीम् आनीय पत्रं लिख । tva.n likhaniim aaniiya patra.n likha	आनीय = आ + नी + ल्यप् aaniiya = aa + nii + lyap
6. Both the boys play after coming home.	बालौ गृहम् आगम्य क्रीडतः । baalau gRRiham aagamya kriiDataH	आगम्य = आ + गम् + ल्यप् aagamya = aa + gam + lyap
7. Both the girls sing referring the book.	बालिके पुस्तकम् अनुकृत्य गायतः । baalike pustakam anukRRitya gaayataH	अनुकृत्य = अनु + कृ + ल्यप् anukRRitya = anu + kRRI + lyap
8. Both of us worshipped after entering the temple.	आवां देवालयं प्रविश्य पूजितवान् । aavaa.n devaalaya.n pravishya puujitavaan	प्रविश्य = प्र + विश् + ल्यप् pravishya = pra + vish + lyap
9. Both of you write the essay after reading the book.	युवां पुस्तकम् अधिय प्रवन्धं लिखतम् । yuvaa.n pustakam adhiya pravandha.n likhatam	अधित्य = अधि + इ + ल्यप् adhitya = adhi + i + lyap
10. The girls stitched the garland after collecting flowers.	बाला पुष्पाणिं संगृह्य मालाम् सितवान् । baalaa puShpaaNi.n sa.ngRRihya maalaam sitavaan	संगृह्य = सम् + ग्रह् + ल्यप् sa.ngRRihya = sam + grah + lyap
11. Students spoak after going near the teacher.	च्छात्राः गुरुम् उपगम्य अवदः । chchhaatraaH durum upagamya avadaH	उपगम्य = उप + गम् + ल्यप् upagamya = upa + gam + lyap

In setences 1 to 11 there are two actions, one following the other. The verbs "come", "read", "refer", "enter", "collect", and "go near" are suffixed with ल्यप् प्रत्यय (lyap pratyaya), as these represent the action preceeding the other action, and are prefixed with prepositions (उपसर्ग / upasarga).

In the sentences 1, 5, 7 and 11 the prefixed verbs have a different meaning than the original verbs.


In the above sentences the ल्यप् (lyap) suffixed verbs are independent of the subjects. They are not following the number and gender of the subjects.

Followings are the ल्यप् प्रत्यय (lyap pratyaya) form of few commonly used verbs.

Commonly Used ल्यप् प्रत्यय (lyap pratyaya) Forms
Verb धातु dhaatu	ल्यप् lyap		Verb धातु dhaatu	ल्यप् lyap		Verb धातु dhaatu	ल्यप् lyap
get आप् aap	प्राप्य praapya		go स्था sthaa	प्रस्थाय prasthaaya		defeat जि ji	पराजित्य paraajitya
save चि chi	सञ्चित्य saJNchitya		read इ i	अधित्य adhitya		enter विश् vish	प्रविश्य pravishya
bring नी nii	आनीय aaniiya		collect, accept ग्रह् grah	संगृह्य sa.ngRRihya		salute नम् nam	प्रणम्य praNamya
go गम् gam	उपगम्य upagamya