Grammar Tutorial ::: Gender Rules / स्त्री प्रकरण / strii prakaraNa

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स्त्री-प्रकरण / strii-prakaraNa (Masculine To Feminine Conversion): In this chapter we will study about स्त्री-प्रकरण (strii-prakaraNa) or the rules of determining the feminine-form of any masculine-form word. The feminine form (स्त्रीलिङ्ग / striiliN^ga) of any masculine (पुलिङ्ग / puliN^ga) word is determined by suffixing either टाप् प्रत्यय (Taap pratyaya) or ङीप् प्रत्यय (N^iip pratyaya), to the masculine word.

Study the following sentences. These are using स्त्री-प्रकरण (strii-prakaraNa) to depict the feminine-form words.
पुलिङ्ग शब्द
puliN^ga shabda
प्रत्यय
pratyaya
निमितम्
nimitam
स्त्रीलिङ्ग शब्द
striiliN^ga shabda
Notes
1. goatअज
aja
टाप्
Taap
ज् + आ
j + aa
अजा
ajaa
The feminine form (स्त्रीलिङ्ग / striiliN^ga) of all अजादिगण अकारान्त शब्द (ajaadigaNa akaaraanta shabda) masculine (पुलिङ्ग / puliN^ga) word is derived by suffixing टाप् प्रत्यय (Taap pratyaya).
2. secondद्वितीय
dvitiiya
टाप्
Taap
य् + आ
y + aa
द्वितीया
dvitiiyaa
3. sheepमेष
meSha
टाप्
Taap
ष् + आ
Sh + aa
मेषा
meShaa
4. weakअबल
abala
टाप्
Taap
ल् + आ
l + aa
अबला
abalaa
5. naughtyचपल
chapala
टाप्
Taap
ल् + आ
l + aa
चपला
chapalaa
6. readable (worth reading)पठनीय
paThaniiya
टाप्
Taap
य् + आ
y + aa
पठनीया
paThaniiyaa
7. poorदीन
diina
टाप्
Taap
न् + आ
n + aa
दीना
diinaa
8. after laughing (a verb form of laugh)हसित
hasita
टाप्
Taap
त् + आ
t + aa
हसिता
hasitaa
9. bestउत्तम
uttama
टाप्
Taap
म् + आ
m + aa
उत्तमा
uttamaa
10. expertनिपुण
nipuNa
टाप्
Taap
ण् + आ
N + aa
निपुणा
nipuNaa
11. doerकारक
kaaraka
टाप्
Taap
र् + इ, क् + आ
r + i, k + aa
कारिका
kaarikaa
If the masculine (पुलिङ्ग / puliN^ga) word ends with क-कार (ka-kaara) after suffixing टाप् प्रत्यय (Taap pratyaya), the preceeding अकारान्त (akaaraanta) alphabet gets इ-कार (i-kaara).
12. cookपाचक
paachaka
टाप्
Taap
च् + इ, क् + आ
ch + i, k + aa
पाचिका
paachikaa
13. singerगायक
gaayaka
टाप्
Taap
य् + इ, क् + आ
y + i, k + aa
गायिका
gaayikaa
14. boyबालक
baalaka
टाप्
Taap
ल् + इ, क् + आ
l + i, k + aa
बालिका
baalikaa
15. actorनायक
naayaka
टाप्
Taap
य् + इ, क् + आ
y + i, k + aa
नायिका
naayikaa
16. lionसिंह
si.nha
ङीप्
N^iip
ह् + ई
h + ii
सिंही
si.nhii
In case of words representing a class or species (जाति / jaati), ङीप् प्रत्यय (N^iip pratyaya) is used and the masculine (पुलिङ्ग / puliN^ga) word ends with ई (ii) to represent the feminine form (स्त्रीलिङ्ग / striiliN^ga).
17. crowकाक
kaaka
ङीप्
N^iip
क् + ई
k + ii
काकी
kaakii
18. horseघोटक
ghoTaka
ङीप्
N^iip
घ् + ई
gh + ii
घोटकी
ghoTakii
19. brahminब्राह्मण
braahmaNa
ङीप्
N^iip
ण् + ई
N + ii
ब्राह्मणी
braahmaNii
20. goblinपिशाच
pishaacha
ङीप्
N^iip
च् + ई
ch + ii
पिशाची
pishaachii
21. moon like faceचन्द्रबदन
chandrabadana
टाप्
Taap
न् + आ
n + aa
चन्द्रबदना
chandrabadanaa
In case of words depicting attribute of any bodypart (अङ्गबाचक / aN^gabaachaka), टाप् प्रत्यय (Taap pratyaya) is used to to determine the feminine form (स्त्रीलिङ्ग / striiliN^ga).
22. smooth hairedसुकेश
sukesha
टाप्
Taap
श् + आ
n + aa
सुकेशा
sukeshaa
23. deer like eyeमृगनयन
mRRiganayana
टाप्
Taap
न् + आ
n + aa
मृगनयना
mRRiganayanaa
24. three eyedत्रिनेत्र
trinetra
टाप्
Taap
र् + आ
r + aa
त्रिनेत्रा
trinetraa
25. moon like lipबिम्बोष्ठ
bimboShTha
टाप्
Taap
ठ् + आ
Th + aa
बिम्बोष्ठा
bimboShThaa
26. leaderनेतृ
netRRi
ङीप्
N^iip
तृ + ई
tRRi + ii
नेत्री
netrii
Words ending with ऋ-कार (RRi-kaara) get ङीप् प्रत्यय (N^iip pratyaya) to determine the feminine form (स्त्रीलिङ्ग / striiliN^ga).
27. giverदातृ
daatRRi
ङीप्
N^iip
तृ + ई
tRRi + ii
दात्री
daatrii
28. poetकबयतृ
kabayatRRi
ङीप्
N^iip
तृ + ई
tRRi + ii
कबयत्री
kabayatrii
29. magicianमायाबिन्
maayaabin
ङीप्
N^iip
न् + ई
n + ii
मायाबिनी
maayaabinii
Words ending with न-कार (na-kaara) get ङीप् प्रत्यय (N^iip pratyaya) to determine the feminine form (स्त्रीलिङ्ग / striiliN^ga).
30. studentबिद्यार्थिन्
bidyaarthin
ङीप्
N^iip
न् + ई
n + ii
बिद्यार्थिनी
bidyaarthinii
31. elephantहस्तिन्
hastin
ङीप्
N^iip
न् + ई
n + ii
हस्तिनी
hastinii
32. benefactorउपकारिन्
upakaarin
ङीप्
N^iip
न् + ई
n + ii
उपकारिणी
upakaariNii
33. sweet talkerप्रियबादिन्
priyabaadin
ङीप्
N^iip
न् + ई
n + ii
प्रियबादिनी
priyabaadinii
34. Indraइन्द्र
indra
आनीच्
aaniich
-इन्द्राणी
indraaNi
For words representing a God (देवताबाचक / devataabaachaka), आनीच् प्रत्यय (aaniich pratyaya) is used to determine the feminine form (स्त्रीलिङ्ग / striiliN^ga).
35. Rudraरुद्र
rudra
आनीच्
aaniich
-रुद्राणी
rudraaNii
36. Brahmaब्रह्म
brahma
आनीच्
aaniich
-ब्रह्माणी
brahmaaNii
37. Barunaबरुण
baruNa
आनीच्
aaniich
-बरुणानी
baruNaanii
38. Bhavaभव
bhava
आनीच्
aaniich
-भवानी
bhavaanii

Grammatical Rule
The feminine form (स्त्रीलिङ्ग / striiliN^ga) of all अजादिगण अकारान्त शब्द (ajaadigaNa akaaraanta shabda) masculine (पुलिङ्ग / puliN^ga) word is derived by suffixing टाप् प्रत्यय (Taap pratyaya).

Grammatical Rule
If the masculine (पुलिङ्ग / puliN^ga) word ends with क-कार (ka-kaara) after suffixing टाप् प्रत्यय (Taap pratyaya), the preceding अकारान्त (akaaraanta) alphabet gets इ-कार (i-kaara).

Grammatical Rule
In case of words representing a class or species (जाति / jaati), ङीप् प्रत्यय (N^iip pratyaya) is used and the masculine (पुलिङ्ग / puliN^ga) word ends with ई (ii) to represent the feminine form (स्त्रीलिङ्ग / striiliN^ga).

Grammatical Rule
In case of words depicting attribute of any bodypart (अङ्गबाचक / aN^gabaachaka), टाप् प्रत्यय (Taap pratyaya) is used to to determine the feminine form (स्त्रीलिङ्ग / striiliN^ga).

Grammatical Rule
Words ending wit ऋ-कार (RRi-kaara) get ङीप् प्रत्यय (N^iip pratyaya) to determine the feminine form (स्त्रीलिङ्ग / striiliN^ga).

Grammatical Rule
Words ending wit न-कार (na-kaara) get ङीप् प्रत्यय (N^iip pratyaya) to determine the feminine form (स्त्रीलिङ्ग / striiliN^ga).

Grammatical Rule
For words representing a God (देवताबाचक / devataabaachaka), आनीच् प्रत्यय (aaniich pratyaya) is used to determine the feminine form (स्त्रीलिङ्ग / striiliN^ga).


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