लृट्लकार / lRRiTlakaara (Future Tense):
In previous chapter we studied about present tense. In this chapter we will study about future tense.
लृट्लकार (lRRiTlakaara) verb-forms represent the future tense in a sentence. So, while forming sentences
in future tense we need to use verbd-forms from लृट्लकार (lRRiTlakaara).
The complete लृट्लकार / lRRiTlakaara of पठ् / paTh (read) and गम् / gam (go) धातु / dhaatu are given at the end of this chapter for reference. Study the following sentences. These are in भविष्यतकाल (bhaviShyatakaala) or
future tense.
| आङ्ग्लभाषा / English | संस्कृत / Sanskrit | Subject
शब्द / shabda | Verb
धातु / dhaatu | Comments |
|---|
Future Tense - Third Person Singular
वर्तमानकाल प्रथमपुरुष एकवचन / vartamaanakaala prathamapuruSha ekavachana |
|---|
| 1. The boy will read. | बालकः पठिष्यति
vaalakaH paThiShyati | बालक
baalaka | पठ्
paTh | - |
| 2. The girl will read. | बालिका पठिष्यति
baalikaa paThiShyati | बालिका
baalikaa | पठ्
paTh | - |
| 3. Rama will read. | रामः पठिष्यति
raamaH paThiShyati | राम
raama | पठ्
paTh | - |
| 4. Sita will read. | सीता पठिष्यति
siitaa paThiShyati | सीता
siitaa | पठ्
paTh | - |
| 5. The boy will go. | बालकः गमिष्यति
baalakaH gamiShyati | बालक
baalaka | गम्
gam | - |
| 6. The girl will go. | बालिका गमिष्यति
baalikaa gamiShyati | बालिका
baalikaa | गम्
gam | - |
Future Tense - Third Person Plural
भविष्यतकाल प्रथमपुरुष बहुवचन / bhaviShyatakaala prathamapuruSha bahuvachana |
|---|
| 7. The boys will read. | बालकाः पठिष्यन्ति
baalakaaH paThiShyanti | बालक
baalaka | पठ्
paTh | - |
| 8. The girls will read. | बालिकाः पठिष्यन्ति
baalikaaH paThiShyanti | बालिका
baalikaa | पठ्
paTh | - |
| 9. Students will read. | च्छात्राः पठिष्यन्ति
chchhaatraaH paThiShyanti | च्छात्र
chchhaatra | पठ्
paTh | - |
| 10. Clearks will read. | लिपिकाराः पठिष्यन्ति
lipikaaraaH paThiShyanti | लिपिकार
lipikaara | पठ्
paTh | - |
| 11. The boys will go. | बालकाः गमिष्यन्ति
baalakaaH gamiShyanti | बालक
baalaka | गम्
gam | - |
| 12. The girls will go. | बालिकाः गमिष्यन्ति
baalikaaH gamiShyanti | बालिका
baalikaa | गम्
gam | - |
In setences 1 to 6, the Subject (कर्ता / kartaa) is in 3rd person singular (प्रथमपुरुष एकवचन / prathamapuruSha ekavachana). As the verb always follows the number and peson, the verb (पठति / paThati) is also in 3rd person singular (प्रथमपुरुष एकवचन / prathamapuruSha ekavachana).
In case of setences 7 to 12, the Subject (कर्ता / kartaa) is in 3rd person plural (प्रथमपुरुष बहुवचन / prathamapuruSha bahuvachana). Similarly the verb (पठन्ति / paThanti) is also in प्रथमपुरुष बहुवचन / prathamapuruSha bahuvachana of verb पठ् (paTh).
All the above sentences were in third person (प्रथमपुरुष / prathamapuruSha). Now let us study the following sentences. These are in second person (मध्यमपुरुष / madhyamapuruSha) and first person (उत्तमपुरुष / uttamapuruSha).
| आङ्ग्लभाषा / English | संस्कृत / Sanskrit | Subject
शब्द / shabda | Verb
धातु / dhaatu | Comments |
|---|
Future Tense - Second Person Singular
भविष्यतकाल मध्यमपुरुष एकवचन / bhaviShyatakaala madhyamapuruSha ekavachana |
|---|
| 13. You will go. | त्वं गमिष्यसि
tva.n gamiShyasi | युस्मद्
yusmad | गम्
gam | - |
| 14. You will read. | त्वं पठिष्यसि
tva.n paThiShyasi | युस्मद्
yusmad | पठ्
paTh | - |
Future Tense - First Person Singular
भविष्यतकाल उत्तमपुरुष एकवचन / bhaviShyatakaala uttamapuruSha ekavachana |
|---|
| 15. I will go. | अहं गमिष्यामि
aha.n gamiShyaami | अस्मद्
asmad | गम्
gam | - |
| 16. I will read. | अहं पठिष्यामि
aha.n paThiShyaami | अस्मद्
asmad | पठ्
paTh | - |
Future Tense - Second Person Plural
भविष्यतकाल मध्यमपुरुष बहुवचन / bhaviShyatakaala madhyamapuruSha bahuvachana |
|---|
| 17. You all will go. | युयं गमिष्यथ
yua.n gamiShyatha | युस्मद्
yusmad | गम्
gam | - |
| 18. You all will read. | युयं पठिष्यथ
yua.n paThiShyatha | युस्मद्
yusmad | पठ्
paTh | - |
Future Tense - First Person Plural
भविष्यतकाल उत्तमपुरुष बहुवचन / bhaviShyatakaala uttamapuruSha bahuvachana |
|---|
| 19. We all will go. | वयं गमिष्यामः
vaya.n gamiShyaamaH | अस्मद्
asmad | गम्
gam | - |
| 20. We all will read. | वयं पठिष्यामः
vaya.n paThiShyaamaH | अस्मद्
asmad | पठ्
paTh | - |
In sentences 13 and 14 the Subject (kartaa) is in second person singular (मध्यमपुरुष एकवचन / madhyamapuruSha ekavachana) and in case of 17 and 18 the Subject (kartaa) is in second person plural (मध्यमपुरुष बहुवचन / madhyamapuruSha bahuvachana). We can see that in all these sentences the Subject used is युस्मद् (yusmad) शब्द (shabda). In case of second person the kartaa is always युस्मद् (yusmad) शब्द (shabda).
In sentences 15 and 16 the Subject is in first person singular (उत्तमपुरुष एकवचन / uttamapuruSha ekavachana). In case of 19 and 20 the Subject is in first person plural (उत्तमपुरुष बहुवचन / uttamapuruSha bahuvachana). In all these sentences the Subjects used is अस्मद् (asmad) शब्द (shabda). In case of first person the kartaa is always अस्मद् (asmad) शब्द (shabda).
You may have observed that the verb forms in future tense (लृट्लकार / lRRiTlakaara) are similar to present tense (लट्लकार / laTlakaara) with a minor deviation. In case of a पठ् धातु (paTh dhaatu), the लृट्लकार form can be derived from the लट्लकार form by inserting इष्य (iShya) before the तिप् (tip) end. For most verb forms this is true.
Grammatical Rule
For most verbs, the लृट्लकार form can be derived from the लट्लकार form by inserting इष्य (iShya) before the तिप् (tip) end.
However some verbs take a slightly different form in their overall formation. In case of गम् धातु (gam dhaatu) instead of गच्छिष्तति / gachchhiShyati the correct form is गमिष्यति / gamiShyati and so on. This deviations should be kept in mind for such specific verbs.
The followings are the dual number form of above sentences.
| आङ्ग्लभाषा / English | संस्कृत / Sanskrit | Subject
शब्द / shabda | Verb
धातु / dhaatu | Comments |
|---|
Future Tense - Dual
भविष्यतकाल द्विवचन / bhaviShyatakaala dvivachana |
|---|
| 21. Two boys will read. | बालकौ पठिष्यतः
baalakau paThiShyataH | बालक
baalaka | पठ्
paTh | - |
| 22. Two girls will read. | बालिके पठिष्यतः
baalike paThiShyataH | बालिका
baalikaa | पठ्
paTh | - |
| 23. Two boys will go. | बालकौ गमिष्यतः
baalakau gamiShyataH | बालक
baalaka | गम्
gam | - |
| 24. Two girls will go. | बालिके गमिष्यतः
baalike gamiShyataH | बालिका
baalikaa | गम्
gam | - |
| 25. Two students will read. | च्छात्रौ पठिष्यतः
chchhatrau paThiShyataH | च्छात्र
chchhaatra | पठ्
paTh | - |
| 26. Two clearks will read. | लिपिकारौ पठिष्यतः
lipikaarau paThiShyataH | लिपिकार
lipikaara | पठ्
paTh | - |
| 27. Both of you will go. | युवां गमिष्यथः
yuvaa.n gamiShyathaH | युस्मद्
yusmad | गम्
gam | - |
| 28. Both of you will read. | युवां पठिष्यथः
yuvaa.n paThiShyathaH | युस्मद्
yusmad | पठ्
paTh | - |
| 29. Both of us will go. | आवां गमिष्यावः
aavaa.n gamiShyaavaH | अस्मद्
asmad | गम्
gam | - |
| 30. Both of us will read. | आवां पठिष्यावः
aavaa.n paThiShyaavaH | अस्मद्
asmad | पठ्
paTh | - |
At the end of this chapter in Verb Forms - Practice Sentences 1 a collection of many Sanskrit sentences using लृट्लकार / lRRiTlakaara are given. You will know about many more nouns (शब्द / shabda) and verbs (धातु / dhaatu) in those.
In the next chapter we will study लङ्लकार (laN^lakaara) or past tense.
Read / पठ् / paTh : लृट्लकार / lRRiTlakaara
(Future tense / भविष्यतकाल / bhaviShyatakaala)
|
| Person / पुरुष / puruSha |
Number / वचन / vachana |
|
| Singular
एकवचन / ekavachana |
Dual
द्वीवचन / dviivachana |
Plural
बहुवचन / bahuvachana |
Third
प्रथम / prathama |
पठिष्यति / paThiShyati |
पठिष्यतः / paThiShyataH |
पठिष्यन्ति / paThiShyanti |
Second
मध्यम / madhyama |
पठिष्यसि / paThiShyasi |
पठिष्यथः / paThiShyathaH |
पठिष्यथ / paThiShyatha |
First
उत्तम / uttama |
पठिष्यामि / paThiShyaami |
पठिष्यावः / paThiShyaabaH |
पठिष्यामः / paThiShyaamaH |
Go / गम् / gam : लृट्लकार / lRRiTlakaara
(Future tense / भविष्यतकाल / bhaviShyatakaala)
|
| Person / पुरुष / puruSha |
Number / वचन / vachana |
|
Singular
एकवचन / ekavachana |
Dual
द्वीवचन / dviivachana |
Plural
बहुवचन / bahuvachana |
Third
प्रथम / prathama |
गमिष्यति / gamiShyati |
गमिष्यतः / gamiShyataH |
गमिष्यन्ति / gamiShyanti |
Second
मध्यम / madhyama |
गमिष्यसि / gamiShyasi |
गमिष्यथः / gamiShyathaH |
गमिष्यथ / gamiShyatha |
First
उत्तम / uttama |
गमिष्यामि / gamiShyaami |
गमिष्यावः / gamiShyaavaH |
गमिष्यामः / gamiShyaamaH |