Vocative Case / सम्बोधन विभक्ति (sambodhana vibhakti): Vocative Case or सम्बोधन विभक्ति (sambodhana vibhakti) of noun-form represents the word used to address or call someone or something.
Study the following sentences. These are in vocative case.
| O! Boy | हे बाल
he baala | Here boy (बाल / baala), creeper (लता / lataa) and God (देव / deva) are in vocative case or सम्बोधन विभक्ति (sambodhana vibhakti) |
| O! Creeper | हे लते
he late |
| O! God | हे देव
he deva |
All the above sentences address or call someone. So, the person or thing being addressed is in vocative case.
Note: I (अस्मद् / asmad) and You (युस्मद् / yusmad) words do not have any vocative case.
| Vocative Case (सम्बोधन विभक्ति / sambodhana vibhakti) |
|---|
Word
शब्द | Gender
लिङ्ग | Singular
एकवचन | Dual
द्विवचन | Plural
बहुवचन | Similar Words |
|---|
Boy
बाल / baala | M - पुं | बाल
baala | बालौ
baalau | बालाः
baalaaH | - |
Creeper
लता / lataa | F - स्त्री | लते
late | लते
late | लताः
lataaH | - |
River
नदी / nadii | F - स्त्री | नदी
nadii | नद्यो
nadyau | नद्यः
nadyaH | - |
Fruit
फलम् / phalam | N - नपुं | फलम्
phalam | फले
phale | फलानि
phalaani | - |