Grammar Tutorial ::: Future Tense / लृट्लकार / lRRiTlakaara

Modified on 2013/08/03 21:17 by biswajitdash — Categorized as: Uncategorized

लृट्लकार / lRRiTlakaara (Future Tense): In previous chapter we studied about present tense. In this chapter we will study about future tense. लृट्लकार (lRRiTlakaara) verb-forms represent the future tense in a sentence. So, while forming sentences in future tense we need to use verbd-forms from लृट्लकार (lRRiTlakaara).

The complete लृट्लकार / lRRiTlakaara of पठ् / paTh (read) and गम् / gam (go) धातु / dhaatu are given at the end of this chapter for reference. Study the following sentences. These are in भविष्यतकाल (bhaviShyatakaala) or future tense.

आङ्ग्लभाषा / English	संस्कृत / Sanskrit	Subject शब्द / shabda	Verb धातु / dhaatu	Comments
Future Tense - Third Person Singular वर्तमानकाल प्रथमपुरुष एकवचन / vartamaanakaala prathamapuruSha ekavachana
1. The boy will read.	बालकः पठिष्यति vaalakaH paThiShyati	बालक baalaka	पठ् paTh	-
2. The girl will read.	बालिका पठिष्यति baalikaa paThiShyati	बालिका baalikaa	पठ् paTh	-
3. Rama will read.	रामः पठिष्यति raamaH paThiShyati	राम raama	पठ् paTh	-
4. Sita will read.	सीता पठिष्यति siitaa paThiShyati	सीता siitaa	पठ् paTh	-
5. The boy will go.	बालकः गमिष्यति baalakaH gamiShyati	बालक baalaka	गम् gam	-
6. The girl will go.	बालिका गमिष्यति baalikaa gamiShyati	बालिका baalikaa	गम् gam	-
Future Tense - Third Person Plural भविष्यतकाल प्रथमपुरुष बहुवचन / bhaviShyatakaala prathamapuruSha bahuvachana
7. The boys will read.	बालकाः पठिष्यन्ति baalakaaH paThiShyanti	बालक baalaka	पठ् paTh	-
8. The girls will read.	बालिकाः पठिष्यन्ति baalikaaH paThiShyanti	बालिका baalikaa	पठ् paTh	-
9. Students will read.	च्छात्राः पठिष्यन्ति chchhaatraaH paThiShyanti	च्छात्र chchhaatra	पठ् paTh	-
10. Clearks will read.	लिपिकाराः पठिष्यन्ति lipikaaraaH paThiShyanti	लिपिकार lipikaara	पठ् paTh	-
11. The boys will go.	बालकाः गमिष्यन्ति baalakaaH gamiShyanti	बालक baalaka	गम् gam	-
12. The girls will go.	बालिकाः गमिष्यन्ति baalikaaH gamiShyanti	बालिका baalikaa	गम् gam	-

In setences 1 to 6, the Subject (कर्ता / kartaa) is in 3rd person singular (प्रथमपुरुष एकवचन / prathamapuruSha ekavachana). As the verb always follows the number and peson, the verb (पठति / paThati) is also in 3rd person singular (प्रथमपुरुष एकवचन / prathamapuruSha ekavachana).

In case of setences 7 to 12, the Subject (कर्ता / kartaa) is in 3rd person plural (प्रथमपुरुष बहुवचन / prathamapuruSha bahuvachana). Similarly the verb (पठन्ति / paThanti) is also in प्रथमपुरुष बहुवचन / prathamapuruSha bahuvachana of verb पठ् (paTh).

All the above sentences were in third person (प्रथमपुरुष / prathamapuruSha). Now let us study the following sentences. These are in second person (मध्यमपुरुष / madhyamapuruSha) and first person (उत्तमपुरुष / uttamapuruSha).

आङ्ग्लभाषा / English	संस्कृत / Sanskrit	Subject शब्द / shabda	Verb धातु / dhaatu	Comments
Future Tense - Second Person Singular भविष्यतकाल मध्यमपुरुष एकवचन / bhaviShyatakaala madhyamapuruSha ekavachana
13. You will go.	त्वं गमिष्यसि tva.n gamiShyasi	युस्मद् yusmad	गम् gam	-
14. You will read.	त्वं पठिष्यसि tva.n paThiShyasi	युस्मद् yusmad	पठ् paTh	-
Future Tense - First Person Singular भविष्यतकाल उत्तमपुरुष एकवचन / bhaviShyatakaala uttamapuruSha ekavachana
15. I will go.	अहं गमिष्यामि aha.n gamiShyaami	अस्मद् asmad	गम् gam	-
16. I will read.	अहं पठिष्यामि aha.n paThiShyaami	अस्मद् asmad	पठ् paTh	-
Future Tense - Second Person Plural भविष्यतकाल मध्यमपुरुष बहुवचन / bhaviShyatakaala madhyamapuruSha bahuvachana
17. You all will go.	युयं गमिष्यथ yua.n gamiShyatha	युस्मद् yusmad	गम् gam	-
18. You all will read.	युयं पठिष्यथ yua.n paThiShyatha	युस्मद् yusmad	पठ् paTh	-
Future Tense - First Person Plural भविष्यतकाल उत्तमपुरुष बहुवचन / bhaviShyatakaala uttamapuruSha bahuvachana
19. We all will go.	वयं गमिष्यामः vaya.n gamiShyaamaH	अस्मद् asmad	गम् gam	-
20. We all will read.	वयं पठिष्यामः vaya.n paThiShyaamaH	अस्मद् asmad	पठ् paTh	-

In sentences 13 and 14 the Subject (kartaa) is in second person singular (मध्यमपुरुष एकवचन / madhyamapuruSha ekavachana) and in case of 17 and 18 the Subject (kartaa) is in second person plural (मध्यमपुरुष बहुवचन / madhyamapuruSha bahuvachana). We can see that in all these sentences the Subject used is युस्मद् (yusmad) शब्द (shabda). In case of second person the kartaa is always युस्मद् (yusmad) शब्द (shabda).

In sentences 15 and 16 the Subject is in first person singular (उत्तमपुरुष एकवचन / uttamapuruSha ekavachana). In case of 19 and 20 the Subject is in first person plural (उत्तमपुरुष बहुवचन / uttamapuruSha bahuvachana). In all these sentences the Subjects used is अस्मद् (asmad) शब्द (shabda). In case of first person the kartaa is always अस्मद् (asmad) शब्द (shabda).

You may have observed that the verb forms in future tense (लृट्लकार / lRRiTlakaara) are similar to present tense (लट्लकार / laTlakaara) with a minor deviation. In case of a पठ् धातु (paTh dhaatu), the लृट्लकार form can be derived from the लट्लकार form by inserting इष्य (iShya) before the तिप् (tip) end. For most verb forms this is true.

Grammatical Rule
For most verbs, the लृट्लकार form can be derived from the लट्लकार form by inserting इष्य (iShya) before the तिप् (tip) end.

However some verbs take a slightly different form in their overall formation. In case of गम् धातु (gam dhaatu) instead of गच्छिष्तति / gachchhiShyati the correct form is गमिष्यति / gamiShyati and so on. This deviations should be kept in mind for such specific verbs.

The followings are the dual number form of above sentences.

आङ्ग्लभाषा / English	संस्कृत / Sanskrit	Subject शब्द / shabda	Verb धातु / dhaatu	Comments
Future Tense - Dual भविष्यतकाल द्विवचन / bhaviShyatakaala dvivachana
21. Two boys will read.	बालकौ पठिष्यतः baalakau paThiShyataH	बालक baalaka	पठ् paTh	-
22. Two girls will read.	बालिके पठिष्यतः baalike paThiShyataH	बालिका baalikaa	पठ् paTh	-
23. Two boys will go.	बालकौ गमिष्यतः baalakau gamiShyataH	बालक baalaka	गम् gam	-
24. Two girls will go.	बालिके गमिष्यतः baalike gamiShyataH	बालिका baalikaa	गम् gam	-
25. Two students will read.	च्छात्रौ पठिष्यतः chchhatrau paThiShyataH	च्छात्र chchhaatra	पठ् paTh	-
26. Two clearks will read.	लिपिकारौ पठिष्यतः lipikaarau paThiShyataH	लिपिकार lipikaara	पठ् paTh	-
27. Both of you will go.	युवां गमिष्यथः yuvaa.n gamiShyathaH	युस्मद् yusmad	गम् gam	-
28. Both of you will read.	युवां पठिष्यथः yuvaa.n paThiShyathaH	युस्मद् yusmad	पठ् paTh	-
29. Both of us will go.	आवां गमिष्यावः aavaa.n gamiShyaavaH	अस्मद् asmad	गम् gam	-
30. Both of us will read.	आवां पठिष्यावः aavaa.n paThiShyaavaH	अस्मद् asmad	पठ् paTh	-

At the end of this chapter in Verb Forms - Practice Sentences 1 a collection of many Sanskrit sentences using लृट्लकार / lRRiTlakaara are given. You will know about many more nouns (शब्द / shabda) and verbs (धातु / dhaatu) in those.

In the next chapter we will study लङ्लकार (laN^lakaara) or past tense.

Read / पठ् / paTh : लृट्लकार / lRRiTlakaara (Future tense / भविष्यतकाल / bhaviShyatakaala)
Person / पुरुष / puruSha	Number / वचन / vachana
	Singular एकवचन / ekavachana	Dual द्वीवचन / dviivachana	Plural बहुवचन / bahuvachana
Third प्रथम / prathama	पठिष्यति / paThiShyati	पठिष्यतः / paThiShyataH	पठिष्यन्ति / paThiShyanti
Second मध्यम / madhyama	पठिष्यसि / paThiShyasi	पठिष्यथः / paThiShyathaH	पठिष्यथ / paThiShyatha
First उत्तम / uttama	पठिष्यामि / paThiShyaami	पठिष्यावः / paThiShyaabaH	पठिष्यामः / paThiShyaamaH

Go / गम् / gam : लृट्लकार / lRRiTlakaara (Future tense / भविष्यतकाल / bhaviShyatakaala)
Person / पुरुष / puruSha	Number / वचन / vachana
	Singular एकवचन / ekavachana	Dual द्वीवचन / dviivachana	Plural बहुवचन / bahuvachana
Third प्रथम / prathama	गमिष्यति / gamiShyati	गमिष्यतः / gamiShyataH	गमिष्यन्ति / gamiShyanti
Second मध्यम / madhyama	गमिष्यसि / gamiShyasi	गमिष्यथः / gamiShyathaH	गमिष्यथ / gamiShyatha
First उत्तम / uttama	गमिष्यामि / gamiShyaami	गमिष्यावः / gamiShyaavaH	गमिष्यामः / gamiShyaamaH

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