Grammar Tutorial ::: Reference - Verb Forms / धारुरूप / dhaaturuupa

Verb Classification (धारुरूप / dhaaturuupa): In chapter 1 and 3 we learnt about verb forms. Each verb has:

• 10 tenses or लकार (lakaara). We have seen out of the 10 tenses 5 are enough for all our day-to-day needs;
• 3 persons or पुरुष (पुरुष) - 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष / prathamapuruSha), 2nd person (मध्यमपुरुष / madhyamapuruSha) and 1st person (उत्तमपुरुष / uttamapuruSha);
• and 3 numbers - singuar (एकवचन / ekavachana), dual (द्द्विवचन /dvivachana) and plural (बहुवचन / bahuvachana)

• the receiver of their result. If the result of the action represented by the verb is for the doer (Subject), then it is आत्मनेपदी (aatmanepadii) meaning "for self". All other verbs are परस्मैपदी (parasmaipadii) or "for others". The तिप् (tip) suffix used in these are different. Following table has the तिप् (tip) suffixes, for both.
  
  

  पद - पुरुष pada - puruSha	for others परस्मैपदी - parasmaipadii			for self आत्मनेपदी - aatmanepadii
  3rd Person प्रथमपुरुष - prathamapuruSha	तिप् tip	तस् tas	झि jhi	त ta	आताम् aataam	झ jh
  2nd Person मध्यमपुरुष - madhyamapuruSha	सिप् sip	थस् thas	थ tha	थास् thaas	आथाम् aathaam	ध्वम् dhvam
  1st Person उत्तमपुरुष - uttamapuruSha	मिप् mip	वस् vas	मस् mas	इट् iT	वहिङ् vahiN^	महिङ् mahiN^

  
  
  
• their group or गण (gaNa). The verbs can belong to one of the 10 pre-defined groups or गण (gaNa). The groups are -
  • भ्वादिगण - bhvaadigaNa
  • अदादिगण - adaadigaNa
  • जुहोत्यादिगण - juhotyaadigaNa
  • दिवादिगण - divaadigaNa
  • स्वादिगण - svaadigaNa
  • तुदादिगण - tudaadigaNa
  • रुधादिगण - rudhaadigaNa
  • तनादिगण - tanaadigaNa
  • क्रयादिगण - krayaadigaNa
  • चुरादिगण - churaadigaNa